NSQ是目前比较流行的一个分布式的消息队列，本文主要介绍了NSQ及Go语言如何操作NSQ。

NSQ

NSQ介绍

NSQ是Go语言编写的一个开源的实时分布式内存消息队列，其性能十分优异。 NSQ的优势有以下优势：

1. NSQ提倡分布式和分散的拓扑，没有单点故障，支持容错和高可用性，并提供可靠的消息交付保证
2. NSQ支持横向扩展，没有任何集中式代理。
3. NSQ易于配置和部署，并且内置了管理界面。

NSQ的应用场景

通常来说，消息队列都适用以下场景。

异步处理

参照下图利用消息队列把业务流程中的非关键流程异步化，从而显著降低业务请求的响应时间。

应用解耦

通过使用消息队列将不同的业务逻辑解耦，降低系统间的耦合，提高系统的健壮性。后续有其他业务要使用订单数据可直接订阅消息队列，提高系统的灵活性。

流量削峰

类似秒杀（大秒）等场景下，某一时间可能会产生大量的请求，使用消息队列能够为后端处理请求提供一定的缓冲区，保证后端服务的稳定性。

安装

官方下载页面根据自己的平台下载并解压即可。

NSQ组件

nsqd

nsqd是一个守护进程，它接收、排队并向客户端发送消息。

启动nsqd，指定-broadcast-address=127.0.0.1来配置广播地址

./nsqd -broadcast-address=127.0.0.1

如果是在搭配nsqlookupd使用的模式下需要还指定nsqlookupd地址:

./nsqd -broadcast-address=127.0.0.1 -lookupd-tcp-address=127.0.0.1:4160

如果是部署了多个nsqlookupd节点的集群，那还可以指定多个-lookupd-tcp-address。

nsqdq相关配置项如下：

-auth-http-address value
    <addr>:<port> to query auth server (may be given multiple times)
-broadcast-address string
    address that will be registered with lookupd (defaults to the OS hostname) (default "PROSNAKES.local")
-config string
    path to config file
-data-path string
    path to store disk-backed messages
-deflate
    enable deflate feature negotiation (client compression) (default true)
-e2e-processing-latency-percentile value
    message processing time percentiles (as float (0, 1.0]) to track (can be specified multiple times or comma separated '1.0,0.99,0.95', default none)
-e2e-processing-latency-window-time duration
    calculate end to end latency quantiles for this duration of time (ie: 60s would only show quantile calculations from the past 60 seconds) (default 10m0s)
-http-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4151")
-http-client-connect-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP connect (default 2s)
-http-client-request-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP request (default 5s)
-https-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTPS clients (default "0.0.0.0:4152")
-log-prefix string
    log message prefix (default "[nsqd] ")
-lookupd-tcp-address value
    lookupd TCP address (may be given multiple times)
-max-body-size int
    maximum size of a single command body (default 5242880)
-max-bytes-per-file int
    number of bytes per diskqueue file before rolling (default 104857600)
-max-deflate-level int
    max deflate compression level a client can negotiate (> values == > nsqd CPU usage) (default 6)
-max-heartbeat-interval duration
    maximum client configurable duration of time between client heartbeats (default 1m0s)
-max-msg-size int
    maximum size of a single message in bytes (default 1048576)
-max-msg-timeout duration
    maximum duration before a message will timeout (default 15m0s)
-max-output-buffer-size int
    maximum client configurable size (in bytes) for a client output buffer (default 65536)
-max-output-buffer-timeout duration
    maximum client configurable duration of time between flushing to a client (default 1s)
-max-rdy-count int
    maximum RDY count for a client (default 2500)
-max-req-timeout duration
    maximum requeuing timeout for a message (default 1h0m0s)
-mem-queue-size int
    number of messages to keep in memory (per topic/channel) (default 10000)
-msg-timeout string
    duration to wait before auto-requeing a message (default "1m0s")
-node-id int
    unique part for message IDs, (int) in range [0,1024) (default is hash of hostname) (default 616)
-snappy
    enable snappy feature negotiation (client compression) (default true)
-statsd-address string
    UDP <addr>:<port> of a statsd daemon for pushing stats
-statsd-interval string
    duration between pushing to statsd (default "1m0s")
-statsd-mem-stats
    toggle sending memory and GC stats to statsd (default true)
-statsd-prefix string
    prefix used for keys sent to statsd (%s for host replacement) (default "nsq.%s")
-sync-every int
    number of messages per diskqueue fsync (default 2500)
-sync-timeout duration
    duration of time per diskqueue fsync (default 2s)
-tcp-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for TCP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4150")
-tls-cert string
    path to certificate file
-tls-client-auth-policy string
    client certificate auth policy ('require' or 'require-verify')
-tls-key string
    path to key file
-tls-min-version value
    minimum SSL/TLS version acceptable ('ssl3.0', 'tls1.0', 'tls1.1', or 'tls1.2') (default 769)
-tls-required
    require TLS for client connections (true, false, tcp-https)
-tls-root-ca-file string
    path to certificate authority file
-verbose
    enable verbose logging
-version
    print version string
-worker-id
    do NOT use this, use --node-id

nsqlookupd

nsqlookupd是维护所有nsqd状态、提供服务发现的守护进程。它能为消费者查找特定topic下的nsqd提供了运行时的自动发现服务。 它不维持持久状态，也不需要与任何其他nsqlookupd实例协调以满足查询。因此根据你系统的冗余要求尽可能多地部署nsqlookupd节点。它们小豪的资源很少，可以与其他服务共存。我们的建议是为每个数据中心运行至少3个集群。

nsqlookupd相关配置项如下：

-broadcast-address string
    address of this lookupd node, (default to the OS hostname) (default "PROSNAKES.local")
-config string
    path to config file
-http-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4161")
-inactive-producer-timeout duration
    duration of time a producer will remain in the active list since its last ping (default 5m0s)
-log-prefix string
    log message prefix (default "[nsqlookupd] ")
-tcp-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for TCP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4160")
-tombstone-lifetime duration
    duration of time a producer will remain tombstoned if registration remains (default 45s)
-verbose
    enable verbose logging
-version
    print version string

nsqadmin

一个实时监控集群状态、执行各种管理任务的Web管理平台。 启动nsqadmin，指定nsqlookupd地址:

./nsqadmin -lookupd-http-address=127.0.0.1:4161

我们可以使用浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:4171/访问如下管理界面。

nsqadmin相关的配置项如下：

-allow-config-from-cidr string
    A CIDR from which to allow HTTP requests to the /config endpoint (default "127.0.0.1/8")
-config string
    path to config file
-graphite-url string
    graphite HTTP address
-http-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4171")
-http-client-connect-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP connect (default 2s)
-http-client-request-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP request (default 5s)
-http-client-tls-cert string
    path to certificate file for the HTTP client
-http-client-tls-insecure-skip-verify
    configure the HTTP client to skip verification of TLS certificates
-http-client-tls-key string
    path to key file for the HTTP client
-http-client-tls-root-ca-file string
    path to CA file for the HTTP client
-log-prefix string
    log message prefix (default "[nsqadmin] ")
-lookupd-http-address value
    lookupd HTTP address (may be given multiple times)
-notification-http-endpoint string
    HTTP endpoint (fully qualified) to which POST notifications of admin actions will be sent
-nsqd-http-address value
    nsqd HTTP address (may be given multiple times)
-proxy-graphite
    proxy HTTP requests to graphite
-statsd-counter-format string
    The counter stats key formatting applied by the implementation of statsd. If no formatting is desired, set this to an empty string. (default "stats.counters.%s.count")
-statsd-gauge-format string
    The gauge stats key formatting applied by the implementation of statsd. If no formatting is desired, set this to an empty string. (default "stats.gauges.%s")
-statsd-interval duration
    time interval nsqd is configured to push to statsd (must match nsqd) (default 1m0s)
-statsd-prefix string
    prefix used for keys sent to statsd (%s for host replacement, must match nsqd) (default "nsq.%s")
-version
    print version string


					

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